Overcoming Biological Barriers: A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Melatonin Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications

Melatonin, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, faces challenges in clinical use due to poor solubility and low bioavailability. This review explores advanced nanotechnology-based delivery systems designed to overcome these barriers, enhancing melatonin's therapeutic potential for diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and various cancers. It highlights the design and formulation of melatonin nanocarriers, emphasizing their ability to bypass physiological barriers and improve drug distribution. The review also discusses the relationship between administration routes and therapeutic outcomes, while addressing challenges in clinical translation, such as manufacturing and regulatory issues, aiming to guide future development of melatonin-based therapies.