Adverse Drug Reactions in HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A Review of Prevalence

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS patients is linked to a range of adverse drug reactions, both short-term and long-term. Short-term side effects include nausea, vomiting, rash, and severe skin reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, while long-term effects involve metabolic issues such as lipodystrophy, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, as well as skin, nail, and hair abnormalities. Many patients experience abnormal blood sugar and lipid profiles, with hyperlipidemia being particularly associated with protease inhibitor use. These metabolic changes contribute to cardiovascular risks, including hypertension, in HIV-infected individuals. Despite these side effects, long-term ART is essential for managing HIV infection.