Therapeutic Effects of Alkaloids on Influenza: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 preclinical studies involving 420 animal models evaluated the therapeutic effects of alkaloids on influenza. The findings indicate that alkaloids significantly improve survival rates, reduce viral loads, and alleviate pulmonary inflammation. They also enhance immune function and increase body weight, although they do not significantly affect levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Potential mechanisms include inhibition of the TLR7/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Despite promising results, concerns about methodological quality and high heterogeneity suggest the need for more rigorous research to confirm these findings and assess their applicability to human clinical settings.