Alopecia Areata: Current and Emerging Therapies

Alopecia Areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder causing non-scarring hair loss, with unclear pathogenesis involving genetic, immune, and environmental factors. It affects all ages, peaking in the second and third decades, and can progress from patchy hair loss to total scalp or body hair loss. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, with treatment varying by severity. Mild cases may use topical therapies, while severe cases require systemic treatments like immunosuppressants. New treatments, such as JAK inhibitors like baricitinib and ritlecitinib, show promise for severe AA, offering hope for hair regrowth and improved quality of life.