Applications of Antioxidant Nanoparticles in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

The document reviews the potential of antioxidant nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic strategy for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including autoimmune conditions like alopecia areata (AA) and multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Nano-antioxidants offer advantages such as enhanced stability, targeted delivery, and multifunctional effects. In AA, characterized by patchy hair loss linked to oxidative stress, molybdenum nanoparticles combined with minoxidil have shown promise in reducing oxidative stress and promoting hair regrowth. In MS, nanoparticles have demonstrated potential in enhancing remyelination and reducing inflammation, with a study involving 60 MS patients showing improved cognitive function and antioxidant capacity. Despite promising preclinical results, challenges remain in optimizing delivery, ensuring long-term safety, and achieving clinical translation, necessitating further research and clinical trials.