Beta-Sitosterol: Dietary Sources and Role in Cancer and Diabetes Management

β-Sitosterol, a phytosterol found in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils, has demonstrated potential in managing cancer and diabetes by inducing apoptosis, regulating oxidative stress, and modulating immunity. It shows anticancer effects across various cancers, including prostate, pancreatic, and breast cancer, by influencing pathways like NF-kB and AKT/GSK-3β. In diabetes management, β-sitosterol improves glycemic control and insulin signaling in type-2 diabetic rat models. Despite promising in vitro and in vivo results, its clinical application is hindered by low bioavailability, necessitating further research and clinical trials to confirm its safety and efficacy in humans and to develop effective delivery methods.