Biochemistry of Vitamin B: Metabolic Regulations, Deficiency Disorders and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

The vitamin B complex, comprising eight water-soluble micronutrients, is vital for numerous metabolic processes, including carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and energy production. These vitamins are crucial for maintaining body homeostasis, DNA synthesis, and neurological functions. Deficiencies can lead to severe neurological and hematological disorders. Emerging therapeutic strategies, such as high-dose pharmacologic approaches and nanotechnology-based carriers, are being developed to enhance absorption and therapeutic potential, offering promising interventions for metabolic and chronic disease management beyond basic supplementation.