Bioengineering DNA-Based Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine: A Review of Programmable Design, Chemical Synthesis and Therapeutic Potential

DNA hydrogels are highlighted as innovative biomaterials in regenerative medicine due to their programmability, molecular recognition, and biocompatibility. This review explores the molecular design, construction strategies, and functionalities of DNA hydrogels, emphasizing their application in tissue engineering and clinical settings. The review discusses their physicochemical and biological properties, showcasing their potential in repairing various tissues such as bone, cartilage, cardiovascular, skin, and neural tissues, as well as their role in tumor therapy and regeneration of tumor-resected tissues. It aims to provide a framework for advancing DNA hydrogels in regenerative medicine and personalized therapies.