Simultaneous Analysis of Biomarkers in Human Hair for Evaluating Chronic Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Stress/Relaxation Using Online In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The study presents a novel, highly sensitive method for simultaneously analyzing nine biomarkers in human hair to evaluate chronic tobacco smoke exposure and stress/relaxation. The method uses in-tube solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, achieving rapid detection within 7 minutes. It demonstrates good linearity and low detection limits, with high precision and recovery rates. This non-invasive technique requires only a few milligrams of hair and effectively reflects the association between chronic tobacco smoke exposure and stress, offering a valuable tool for understanding the relationship between long-term tobacco exposure and chronic stress.