Genetic Variant of the Canine FGF5 Gene for the Hair Length Trait in the Akita: Utility for Hair Coat Variations and Welfare in Conservation Breeding

August 2025 in “ Genes ”

Shinichiro Maki, Md Shafiqul Islam, Norio Kansaku, Nanami Arakawa, Akira Yabuki, Tofazzal Md Rakib, Abdullah Al Faruq, Osamu Yamato

FGF5 gene FGF5:c.578C>T variant genetic testing hair length trait incompletely dominant inheritance

TLDR The FGF5 gene variant causes long hair in Akitas, and genetic testing is advised to manage coat length and welfare.

The study identifies the FGF5:c.578C>T genetic variant as the cause of long hair in Akitas, inherited in an incompletely dominant manner. Analyzing DNA from 60 modern and 73 classic Akitas, researchers found a higher frequency of the T allele in modern Akitas (0.350) compared to classic ones (0.212). Breeders' preference for heterozygous C/T dogs, which have a fluffier coat, may increase the T allele frequency, leading to more long-haired Akitas that do not meet breed standards and may face welfare issues. The study recommends genetic testing to manage the T allele frequency, reduce long-haired births, and ensure the welfare and conservation of the breed.

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Genetic Variant of the Canine FGF5 Gene for the Hair Length Trait in the Akita: Utility for Hair Coat Variations and Welfare in Conservation Breeding

Research cited in this study

research A Homozygous Missense Mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor 5 Gene Is Associated with the Long-Hair Trait in Angora Rabbits

research Hair Growth Regulation by Fibroblast Growth Factor 12 (FGF12)

research Hair of the Dog: Identification of a Cis-Regulatory Module Predicted to Influence Canine Coat Composition

research FGF5 Is a Crucial Regulator of Hair Length in Humans

research Four Independent Mutations in the Feline Fibroblast Growth Factor 5 Gene Determine the Long-Haired Phenotype in Domestic Cats

research Hyperadrenocorticism Associated With Sex Steroid Excess

research The Long And The Short Of It: Evidence That FGF5 Is A Major Determinant Of Canine Hair-Itability