Cellular Plasticity in Reprogramming, Rejuvenation, and Tumorigenesis: A Pioneer Transcription Factor Perspective

The document explores the dual potential and risks of using transcription factors like OSKM for in vivo reprogramming aimed at rejuvenation and regeneration. While these factors can enhance cellular plasticity and reverse aging markers, they also pose a significant risk of tumorigenicity due to potential oncogenic transformation. The role of pioneer transcription factors in cellular plasticity is examined, highlighting their ability to open silent chromatin and initiate transcriptional programs, which can lead to regeneration or cancer initiation. The study underscores the need for deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms to develop safe reprogramming strategies and considers alternative molecules and interventions, such as calorie restriction, Msx1, and Nanog, for inducing cellular plasticity without tumorigenic risks.