Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies

The document reviewed the challenges and strategies for improving the regenerative effects of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies, which faced limited success in clinical trials due to high cell mortality rates post-transplantation. Key obstacles included mechanical stress, nutrient and oxygen deprivation, and immune responses. Strategies to enhance outcomes involved preserving cell-extracellular matrix interactions, optimizing delivery protocols, preconditioning donor cells, and modifying host tissue environments. Genetic engineering and the use of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles were explored as promising approaches. Despite promising preclinical results, further studies were needed for successful clinical application.