Chemical profiles and pharmacological attributes of Apis cerana indica beehives using combined experimental and computer-aided studies

The study investigated the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties of a distilled water-soluble extract of beehive (WSE-BH). Using GC-MS analysis, 19 compounds were identified in WSE-BH, which had high phenol and flavonoid contents. Oral administration of WSE-BH at doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg showed significant anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze test, with increased time spent and entries into open arms. The 150 mg/kg dose also significantly increased head-dipping events in the hole-board test compared to diazepam. Both doses significantly reduced immobility in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, similar to fluoxetine. Additionally, WSE-BH significantly inhibited histamine-induced paw edema, with the 150 mg/kg dose showing the highest effect. These findings suggest that WSE-BH possesses anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties.