Chronic Skull Osteomyelitis Following Skin Graft: A Case Report and Literature Review

The document presents a case of a 3-year-old girl who developed chronic osteomyelitis (OM), a rare and serious bone inflammation, in her cranial bones following a scalp expansion graft for hair restoration after an acid attack. The diagnosis was confirmed through microbiologic and radiologic work-ups, including a brain spiral CT scan and brain MR imaging. The patient was treated with an experimental antibiotic treatment for 25 days in the hospital and was discharged with a course of oral antibiotics to continue at home. The case emphasizes that chronic skull base osteomyelitis, although rare, is a serious condition that should be considered in patients who have suffered trauma to the cranial bones or undergone skin grafts or hair restoration on their scalp.