A Review on the Clinical Utility of PSA in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer was a significant concern among male cancers, and the use of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) as a marker was common for diagnosing cancer and its recurrence. However, the reliability of PSA measurements for diagnosing prostate cancer was variable due to the dynamics of PSA physiology. To enhance predictive utility, surrogate measures like PSA density, PSA velocity, and free-to-complexed PSA ratio were used. The ability of PSA to detect life-threatening cancers for early curative treatment remained unclear. PSA's most definitive role was in diagnosing recurrences post-surgery and evaluating treatment response.