Association Between Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Palmaris Longus Muscle Agenesis According to Gender: A Radiological Study

    December 2025 in “ Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy) ”
    Seda Sertel Meyvacı, Beyza Çelik, Ayşenur Buz Yaşar, Handan Ankaralı
    This study investigated the association between palmaris longus muscle (PLM) agenesis, sex, and the digit ratio (2D:4D) in 264 individuals using MRI and hand radiographs. PLM was absent in 16.3% of cases, with no significant sex difference (13.9% in males, 18.1% in females) or side-related difference (17.4% right, 15.0% left). Additionally, no significant association was found between PLM presence and the 2D:4D ratio. The findings suggest that PLM agenesis is relatively uncommon and not significantly associated with sex, side, or digit ratio, aligning with previous studies.
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