Direct-To-Consumer Commercial Virtual Care: A Scoping Review

    February 2026 in “ BMJ Open
    Sheryl Spithoff, Catriona A Arnott, Aydin Visanji, Prisha Bhavsar, Brigid Goulem, Lauren Lapointe‐Shaw, Katie Merriman, Danyaal Raza, Edward Xie, Lindsay Hedden, Ronaldo Silva, Aude Motulsky, James Shaw
    TLDR The impact of virtual care on health and privacy is unclear and may be biased.
    The scoping review on direct-to-consumer (DTC) commercial virtual care reveals a significant gap in understanding its effects on quality of care, health outcomes, health system utilization, and privacy-related ethical concerns. Despite numerous studies, the influence of financial ties with the industry raises concerns about potential bias in the existing research literature.
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