13 citations
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February 2020 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Microneedling and oral tranexamic acid both improve facial melasma, but microneedling shows more sustained benefits.
12 citations
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March 2019 in “Cosmetics” The oral supplement with Pinus pinaster and Grape seed extract, used with sunscreen, effectively and safely improved mild-to-moderate facial melasma.
20 citations
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April 2019 in “BioMed Research International” Treatments with sunscreen and active ingredients can reduce skin hyperpigmentation by decreasing DNA methylation.
4 citations
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December 2023 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Topical metformin effectively treats melasma with minimal side effects.
68 citations
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January 2012 in “Lasers in surgery and medicine” Microdermabrasion combined with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is a safe and effective way to treat stubborn melasma.