An Ethnobotanical Review of Medicinal Plants Used for Treating Hemorrhoids in Thailand

This study reviews the use of medicinal plants in Thailand for treating hemorrhoids, identifying 181 species across 147 genera and 78 families used by 18 ethnic groups. Key species like Cissus quadrangularis and Biancaea sappan exhibit pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and analgesic effects, making them promising candidates for pharmaceutical development. The research highlights the potential of traditional Thai medicine in providing effective hemorrhoid treatments.