Etiology of Adult Female Acne: Systematic Review

April 2025 in “ Health Science Reports ”

Anni Telkkälä, Suvi‐Päivikki Sinikumpu, Laura Huilaja

adult female acne androgens sebaceous gland sebum production high-glycemic diet insulin IGF-1 genetic predisposition hormonal acne sugar-related acne insulin-like growth factor 1

TLDR Adult female acne is influenced by hormones, diet, and genetics.

This systematic literature review examined the etiology of adult female acne, highlighting the roles of genetic factors, hormones, and diet. The review found that androgens significantly contribute to acne by stimulating sebaceous gland growth and sebum production. A high-glycemic diet increases insulin and IGF-1 levels, promoting sebaceous gland growth and androgen synthesis, thus exacerbating acne. Additionally, a positive familial history suggests a genetic predisposition to adult acne. The study underscores the importance of understanding these factors for effective treatment of adult acne.

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