Narrative Review of Facial Gender Surgery: Approaches and Techniques for the Frontal Sinus and Upper Third of the Face

The narrative review discussed the evolution and practices of facial gender confirmation surgery (FGCS), emphasizing its medical necessity and positive impact on transgender individuals' quality of life. It highlighted the role of virtual surgical planning (VSP) for precision and discussed surgical and non-surgical options for addressing hairlines, such as hormone therapy, medications, and various hair transplantation techniques. The review focused on approaches for the frontal sinus and upper third of the face, detailing surgical processes and noting rare complications like cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and alopecia. High patient satisfaction was reported, with a 97% satisfaction rate in a review of 550 patients. The review called for more research and standardized training to ensure high-quality care in FGCS.