Differences in Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss Based on Androgens, Estrogen, Iron, Vitamin D, Lipid Metabolism, and Genetic Regulation

The article examines the differences in male and female pattern hair loss, focusing on hormonal, metabolic, and genetic factors. Male hair loss is mainly driven by androgens like DHT, while female hair loss involves thinning influenced by estrogen, which helps preserve the hairline. Females have unique metabolic processes involving vitamin D, iron, and lipids, and genetic studies have identified specific loci affecting female hair loss. The study highlights that female pattern hair loss can occur without androgens, and hormonal cycles can mask androgenic effects. Understanding these differences aids in clinical management, suggesting treatments like finasteride and spironolactone for females, and noting the impact of estrogen withdrawal on hair growth.