Genetic Factors in the Etiology of Intervertebral Disc Herniation and Protrusion

Intervertebral disc herniation and protrusion are common degenerative spine disorders that significantly reduce patients' quality of life. This study analyzes the role of genetic factors in these conditions, identifying key candidate genes, polymorphisms, and mutations linked to increased risk, along with epigenetic mechanisms affecting gene expression. It highlights the interaction between genetic and non-genetic factors in the disease's development. The research underscores the potential of molecular genetics and translational medicine to enhance diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies, emphasizing that genetic factors are crucial in the pathology's development and offer promising avenues for improving patient outcomes.