Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Hair Loss: Current Evidence and Potential Mechanisms

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), used for type 2 diabetes and obesity, have been linked to potential hair loss, particularly non-scarring alopecias like telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia. The association is not yet confirmed, with varying findings across different agents. Possible causes include rapid weight loss, caloric restriction, micronutrient deficiencies, changes in the follicular microenvironment, disruption of insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and androgen-mediated pathways. Hair shedding often occurs months after starting treatment or significant weight loss and may improve by addressing these triggers. Management strategies include patient counseling, nutritional support, and follicle-directed therapies. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the incidence, mechanisms, and management of GLP-1RA-associated hair loss.