Gut Microbiota Differences in Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy Versus Surgery

The study investigates the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on gut microbiota and goblet cells using a rodent model. Forty male mice were divided into four groups to compare the impact of estrogen supplementation with and without orchiectomy (ORX). Results showed significant differences in gut microbiota beta-diversity between the groups, particularly between those receiving estrogen with an androgen blocker (Intact:EB + F) and those with ORX and estrogen (ORX:EB). Additionally, the ORX:EB group exhibited a higher goblet cell count compared to the Intact:EB + F group. The study highlights distinct gut microbiota profiles and goblet cell differences linked to estrogen metabolism, providing valuable insights for trans women considering treatment options.