Health Complications Associated With Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Physically Active Men: A Literature Review

This literature review highlights the significant health risks associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use in physically active men, emphasizing the need for further research. The review of studies from 2017 to 2025 reveals that supraphysiological doses of AAS can lead to serious complications, particularly affecting the cardiovascular system (e.g., hypertension, atherosclerosis), endocrine system (e.g., testosterone suppression, infertility), and psychiatric health (e.g., mood disorders, aggression). Additional adverse effects on the liver, kidneys, and skin are also noted. The increasing use of AAS among recreational athletes underscores the importance of raising awareness among patients and healthcare professionals to prevent and manage these health risks effectively.