High-Frequency Ultrasonography in Hair and Nail Disorders—How It May Be Helpful

High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a non-invasive imaging tool that enhances the diagnosis and management of hair and nail disorders by providing detailed visualization of hair follicles and nail units. It is particularly effective in differentiating types of alopecia, such as cicatricial and non-cicatricial, and in evaluating conditions like alopecia areata, lichen planopilaris, and various nail disorders. HFUS can identify specific sonographic features, such as dilated hair follicles and increased echogenicity, aiding in the differentiation of benign and malignant nail tumors. While HFUS offers a safer alternative to biopsies and is suitable for children and pregnant women, its widespread use is limited by equipment costs and the need for specialized training. Future advancements in artificial intelligence may further improve its diagnostic accuracy.