Elevated Serum Heat Shock Protein-70 and Interleukin-15: Prognostic Biomarkers Correlating with Clinical Severity and Diagnostic Efficacy in Active Alopecia Areata

This study found that elevated serum levels of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) are significant biomarkers in 60 male patients with alopecia areata (AA), correlating with disease severity. HSP70 levels increased from 12.2 ng/ml in mild cases to 34.5 ng/ml in severe cases, while IL-15 levels rose from 120 ng/l to 315.9 ng/l. These biomarkers suggest a role in inflammatory pathways and immune dysregulation, with IL-15 showing a strong correlation with disease severity, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. Additionally, AA patients had lower serum zinc and ferritin levels, a higher body mass index, and a more prevalent family history of AA, suggesting a genetic component. The study's male-only participant group limits its applicability, necessitating further research.