Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Inhibiting the TNF-α/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway via Targeting TNF-α Signaling

Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenolic compound with anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to alleviate acute liver injury (ALI) in a study using an LPS/D-GalN induced mouse model and AML12 cells. The study found that HT significantly reduced inflammation and improved liver function by targeting and inhibiting the TNF-α/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. RNA sequencing revealed that HT downregulated mRNA levels of inflammatory markers such as VCAM-1, CXCL5, TNF-α, and IL-6, and improved the TNF, ECM-receptor interaction, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These findings suggest that HT could be a potential therapeutic agent for ALI by modulating specific inflammatory pathways.