Incel Identity Development: A Scoping Review of Biopsychosocial Markers

This scoping review examines the biopsychosocial markers associated with incel identity development, analyzing 89 sources. It identifies 17 biological, 36 psychological, and 43 social markers, with psychological markers being the most prevalent. Biological markers often relate to physical appearance, such as hair loss, and are linked to peer victimization and sexual frustration. The review highlights the complexity of incel identity, noting that while some incels have been involved in violence, many struggle with self-worth and societal rejection. The findings emphasize the need for mental health interventions and prevention efforts, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and social skills programs, to address maladaptive cognitions and social disconnection. The study underscores the importance of understanding incel identity development to inform effective public health interventions and prevent harmful societal effects. Methodological limitations are acknowledged, and further research is recommended.