Interleukin-15 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Iraqi Patients with Alopecia Areata

This study investigated the association of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with alopecia areata (AA) in 38 patients compared to 22 controls. Results showed significantly higher serum levels of IL-15 and TNF-α in AA patients (2.35 vs. 0.35 pg/mL and 50.11 vs. 20.92 pg/mL, respectively). While these biomarkers were not influenced by the disease's duration or activity, TNF-α levels were notably higher in patients with alopecia totalis compared to other types. Thus, IL-15 and TNF-α serve as markers for AA, particularly in alopecia totalis.