JAK Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: Efficacy, Safety, and Long-Term Outcomes

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in treating moderate to severe alopecia areata. JAK inhibitors work by inhibiting the JAK–STAT signalling pathway, reducing immune-mediated inflammation around hair follicles and promoting hair regrowth. The review analyzed 40 studies, showing that baricitinib and deuruxolitinib led to significant scalp hair regrowth in about one third of patients, while ritlecitinib was effective in about one quarter. Adverse events were mostly mild to moderate, with serious events being rare. Continuous therapy is often necessary to maintain hair regrowth, as discontinuation frequently leads to relapse. Overall, JAK inhibitors offer a promising targeted treatment with an acceptable safety profile, but careful patient selection and monitoring are crucial for optimizing long-term outcomes.