Analysis of Accumulation and Acute Phytotoxic Reactions of Ocimum Basilicum to Lead Contamination in the Initial Phases of Plant Development

This study investigates the effects of lead contamination on Ocimum basilicum (basil) during early plant development. Using atomic emission spectrometry and optical microscopy, the research highlights that basil seed exudate acts as a barrier, absorbing much of the lead from the solution and reducing root hair growth. Despite this protective role, high concentrations of lead acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2) still cause acute, though non-lethal, toxic reactions, leading to necrosis of root hairs and roots not shielded by the exudate. The study underscores the phytotoxicity of lead and the limited protective capacity of basil seed exudate.