Long COVID and Post-COVID Conditions in 2025

    April 2025 in “ Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) ”
    Shams, Mariam
    TLDR Long COVID can cause lasting health issues like fatigue and brain fog, especially in those with severe initial infections or no vaccination.
    The document discusses Long COVID or Post-COVID Conditions (PCC), which are health issues that persist or appear after a COVID-19 infection. Long COVID can manifest in three ways: persistent symptoms, recurrent symptoms, or new symptoms not present during the initial infection. A literature review from 2021 to the present highlights the prevalence of symptoms in cardiopulmonary, dermatological, neurological, and rheumatological fields. Risk factors include severe initial COVID-19 infection, comorbidities like diabetes, asthma, or obesity, and lack of vaccination. Common symptoms include arrhythmias, chest pain, shortness of breath, chronic urticaria, telogen effluvium (hair loss), brain fog, sleep disturbances, and chronic fatigue. Understanding PCC is crucial for managing the health of COVID "long haulers."
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