The Physiological Impact of Melatonin, Its Effect on Disease Progression and Therapy, and the Influence of Magnetic Fields on Melatonin Secretion—Potential Common Pathways

This review examines the multifaceted role of melatonin in physiological processes and its interaction with magnetic fields. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, regulates diurnal rhythms, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial biogenesis, and is produced in various tissues, notably the gastrointestinal system. It has potential therapeutic applications in preventing hypertension, reducing pain, and treating diseases like diabetes, COVID-19, and neurological disorders. The review highlights melatonin's receptor-dependent actions and its protective role against oxidative stress. It also explores how magnetic fields can influence melatonin secretion and neurogenesis, with implications for conditions like ADHD, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. A study with 200 COVID-19 pneumonia patients showed that low-frequency magnetic therapy improved respiratory function and quality of life. However, the interaction between melatonin and magnetic fields is complex, with both beneficial and disruptive effects, necessitating further research.