Mendelian Randomization Studies of Testosterone Exposure: A Systematic Review

April 2025 in “ Steroids ”

Annika Magdalena Rhomberg-Kauert, Morten Tulstrup, Christoffer Badsted, Henrik Horwitz, Ida M. Heerfordt

testosterone Mendelian randomization hormones

TLDR Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.

This systematic review of 30 Mendelian randomization studies explores the effects of testosterone exposure on male health outcomes, revealing conflicting associations. Higher testosterone levels are linked to increased risks of cardiovascular issues like thromboembolism and ischemic heart disease, as well as prostate cancer and chronic kidney disease. However, results vary across studies, with some not consistently replicating these associations. The review emphasizes the potential adverse effects of testosterone therapy or steroid misuse and notes limitations such as study variability and lack of standardized bias assessment. It also highlights research gaps in areas like neuropsychiatric and dermatological health outcomes.

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2 / 2 results

research Uncovering the Complex Relationship Between Balding, Testosterone, and Skin Cancers in Men

18 citations , October 2023 in “Nature Communications”

Men with baldness are more prone to skin cancers on the scalp due to sun exposure, not testosterone.

research Effects of Lifelong Testosterone Exposure on Health and Disease Using Mendelian Randomization

29 citations , October 2020 in “eLife”

Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.