Metabolic Syndrome, Hepatic Steatosis, and Testosterone: A Matter of Sex

Hepatic steatosis, a liver manifestation of metabolic disorders, affects over 30% of the global population and is linked to increased cardiovascular and mortality risks. The condition is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and is influenced by sex hormones. In men, testosterone deficiency leads to increased visceral fat and insulin resistance, worsening metabolic health. In women, hyperandrogenism, such as in polycystic ovary syndrome, and estrogen deficiency contribute to metabolic disturbances and hepatic steatosis. The paper explores the complex relationship between sex hormones and metabolic dysfunction.