Microneedles as a Promising Technology for Disease Monitoring and Drug Delivery: A Review

Microneedles are a promising technology for disease monitoring and drug delivery due to their minimally invasive nature and versatility. They facilitate transdermal delivery of biomolecules, vaccines, and medicines, with various types such as solid, hollow, coated, and dissolvable microneedles offering distinct mechanisms. Innovations like stimuli-responsive microneedles and integration with electronic systems enhance drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic outcomes. Despite challenges like biocompatibility, drug stability, and production costs, microneedles show potential in applications like diabetes management, cancer treatment, and hair regeneration. Ongoing research and clinical trials aim to address these challenges and improve their clinical application.