The Influence of Monosaccharide Composition on the Bioactivity of Medicinal Plant Polysaccharides

This review examines the bioactivity of polysaccharides from 72 medicinal plants, focusing on their monosaccharide composition. Analyzing 210 polysaccharides, they were categorized into 10 types, including glucans, galactans, and mannans. The study found that glucans, galactans, and fructans significantly contribute to immunomodulation, antioxidant activity, and gut microbiota regulation. Mannans are important for immunomodulation, antitumor activity, and neuroprotection, while pectins show notable immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycaemic properties. The findings suggest that understanding the monosaccharide composition can enhance the development of polysaccharides with high biological activity, offering a theoretical basis for future research.