MẤT CÂN BẰNG GIỮA TẾ BÀO T ĐIỀU HÒA VÀ TẾ BÀO T GÂY ĐỘC TẾ BÀO TRONG RỤNG TÓC TỪNG MẢNG: KHI ĐẶC QUYỀN MIỄN DỊCH SỤP ĐỔ

This document discusses alopecia areata (AA), an autoimmune condition causing non-scarring hair loss, highlighting the imbalance between regulatory T cells (Treg) and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) as central to its pathogenesis. A literature review from 1/2010 to 3/2025 reveals that impaired Treg function and excessive CTL activation disrupt the "immune privilege" of hair follicles, making them targets for immune attack. IFN-γ promotes abnormal MHC class I and II molecule expression, enhancing antigen recognition, while high IL-15 levels at lesion sites sustain T memory and NK cell activation, creating a pathological cycle. The study concludes that understanding these immune imbalances and activation pathways could lead to new immunomodulatory therapies for AA.