Netherton syndrome subtypes share IL-17/IL-36 signature with distinct IFN-α and allergic responses

The study on Netherton syndrome (NS) involved 13 patients and identified two subtypes, NS-ILC and NS-SE, both sharing an IL-17/IL-36 immune signature but exhibiting distinct immune responses. NS-ILC was characterized by a TH2-driven allergic response and complement activation, while NS-SE showed a TH9 axis and type I IFN pathway activation. The research highlighted abnormal epidermal proliferation and differentiation, with potential therapeutic targets such as IL-17A and Janus kinase inhibitors. The findings emphasized the need for precision medicine approaches to improve the quality of life for NS patients.