Neuropsychological Manifestations Caused by Dengue Virus Infection: A Literature Review

Dengue, caused by the DENV virus and transmitted by Aedes aegypti, can lead to neuropsychiatric manifestations such as anxiety, depression, mood disorders, mania, and psychosis, affecting patients' quality of life. Studies show that 60%-90% of patients experience anxiety and depression during the acute phase, with 5%-15% developing persistent depressive disorders. These symptoms are linked to inflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier damage, and possible direct viral effects on the central nervous system. The neurotoxic inflammation induced by cytokines and an exaggerated immune response can alter neurotransmitter production, impacting mental health. Enhanced epidemiological surveillance, research on dengue's neuropathogenic mechanisms, and public policies for patient care are crucial for improving diagnosis and management, reducing long-term mental health impacts.