Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments

    April 2025 in “ ˜The œAmerican journal of patient health info. ”
    Prabha Bhandari, Gauri Adhikari, L. Manandhar, Dipendra Kandel
    TLDR PCOS affects many women, causing hormonal issues and health risks, but can be managed with lifestyle changes and medication.
    Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 8-13% of women of reproductive age and is characterized by elevated androgen levels, leading to symptoms like irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, acne, and hair loss. It is associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and increased risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and endometrial cancer. Diagnosis involves pelvic exams, ultrasonography, and hormone level blood tests. Management includes lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, and medications like combined oral contraceptives and antiandrogens to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen effects. Treatments like Metformin can help manage insulin and androgen levels, potentially restarting ovulation, while fertility medications and assisted reproductive technologies offer options for women seeking pregnancy. PCOS increases the risk of pregnancy complications and related health issues may persist into menopause.
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