Fundamental Concepts and Novel Aspects of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Expert Consensus Resolutions

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) was a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 6-15%. It involved genetic and environmental factors, with symptoms like hyperandrogenism, oligoanovulation, and micropolycystic ovaries. The condition increased metabolic and cardiovascular risks, necessitating timely diagnosis and management. An Italian expert panel discussed PCOS treatment, particularly with nutraceuticals, and reached six consensus resolutions. The document highlighted the importance of individualized treatment plans, recommending metformin and lifestyle changes for overweight women, and combined oral contraceptive pills for menstrual irregularities and hyperandrogenism. Nutraceuticals like inositols and α-lipoic acid showed potential benefits, though more randomized controlled trials were needed to confirm these benefits. The document also discussed the potential male equivalent of PCOS, characterized by early-onset androgenetic alopecia and similar metabolic and hormonal abnormalities.