Past, Present, And Future Of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles In Biomedical Applications

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are gaining attention in biomedical applications due to their ability to deliver bioactive molecules safely and biocompatibly. They show potential in cancer therapy by inducing apoptosis and modulating the tumor microenvironment, and in treating inflammatory diseases by restoring microbial balance. PDEVs also aid in tissue regeneration, such as promoting hair follicle regeneration through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Despite challenges like standardizing production and understanding biological mechanisms, PDEVs offer promising therapeutic avenues across various medical fields, including oncology, neurology, and regenerative medicine. Future research should focus on improving isolation methods and exploring their mechanistic roles.