Extraction of Polyphenol Compounds from Herbal Plant Stems of Kalimantan Using Ethanol Solvent

This study investigated the bioactive compounds in stem extracts of six Kalimantan herbal plants, revealing the presence of tannins in all species, triterpenoids in five, and steroids uniquely in pasak bumi. Saponins were found in sintok, akar kuning, kayu sutra, and nonang. Total polyphenol content varied, with sintok having the highest at 8.55 mg GAE/g, while pasak bumi had the highest flavonoid content at 2.48 mg QE/g. GC–MS analysis identified benzenepropenamide derivatives in sintok and n-hexadecanoic acid in pasak bumi, linked to antimicrobial and cardiovascular benefits, respectively. These findings support the traditional medicinal uses of these plants and highlight their potential for therapeutic applications, contributing to the development of standardized herbal formulations and sustainable bioprospecting in Indonesia.