Polysaccharide, Conjugate, and mRNA-based Vaccines are Immunogenic in Patients with Netherton Syndrome

In a study involving eight adult patients with Netherton syndrome (NS), researchers evaluated immune responses to polysaccharide, conjugate, and mRNA-based vaccines to investigate potential B- and/or T-cell immunodeficiency. The study found that immune responses to the conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine were normal in 7 out of 7 patients, while responses to the polysaccharide Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine were absent in 1, diminished in 2, and normal in 4 patients. After receiving an mRNA-based COVID-19 booster, NS patients exhibited SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels comparable to controls, with detectable CD4+ T-cell responses in all patients but CD8+ T-cell responses in only 2 out of 6 patients. Overall, the vaccine-induced immune responses in NS patients showed a range of responsiveness similar to that of healthy controls, indicating no significant B- and/or T-cell immunodeficiency.