Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Effects by Dang Gui (Radix Angelica sinensis) and Its Active Chemical Components

Dang Gui (Radix Angelica sinensis) is recognized for its significant immunomodulatory effects, primarily due to its active components like polysaccharides, ferulic acid, and (Z)-ligustilide. These components enhance immune cell proliferation and activation, regulate cytokine expression, and modulate immune responses through pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and JAK/STAT. The herb shows potential in treating immune-related diseases, including cancer, anemia, osteoarthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, by influencing immune cells and signaling pathways. Despite promising findings, research gaps remain, particularly in understanding the synergistic effects and precise mechanisms of these components. Future research should focus on clarifying molecular targets, exploring synergistic effects, and establishing standardized quality control and clinical trials to enhance the clinical applications of A. sinensis.