Reduced Graphene Oxide/Mesoporous Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles-Loaded PVA Hydrogel with Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Effect and Acute Wound Healing Promotion Under Electrical Stimulation

This study presents a multifunctional conductive hydrogel (PrM) designed to accelerate acute wound healing by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and mesoporous cerium oxide nanoparticles (MCNs). The PrM hydrogel, fabricated without chemical crosslinking agents, demonstrated excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. In vivo experiments on a mouse acute wound model showed that the PrM hydrogel, under 1.0 V electrical stimulation, achieved 95.9% wound healing by day 10. The hydrogel promoted critical regenerative processes, such as hair follicle neogenesis and re-epithelialization, by downregulating the TNF-α signaling pathway. These findings suggest that PrM hydrogel with electrical stimulation is a promising and biocompatible strategy for enhancing acute wound healing.