Use of Robotic Surgery in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Narrative Review

Robotic systems in plastic and reconstructive surgery, such as the Da Vinci and Symani platforms, have shown significant potential in enhancing precision and improving clinical outcomes, particularly in procedures like nipple-sparing mastectomies and DIEP flap reconstruction. A review of 29 studies highlights benefits like reduced skin necrosis rates, smaller incisions, faster recovery, and fewer complications. In microsurgery, these systems achieved 100% vessel patency and significant limb volume reduction in lymphedema patients. Despite these advancements, challenges such as longer operating times, high costs, and limited haptic feedback hinder widespread adoption. Future advancements in biomimetic materials and AI could further enhance robotic capabilities, making these systems more accessible and effective in diverse healthcare settings.